Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

A. Definition.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) / coronary artery disease (heart disease artherostrofik) is a specific manifestation and arterosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Plaque formed on the branching arteries aterion toward the left, right coronary artery and the artery is rather rare in sirromflex. Blood flow to distal obstruction can be permanent or temporary which is caused by the accumulation of plaque or clots. Developed collateral circulation around the obstruction arteromasus that inhibits the exchange of gases and nutrients to the myocardium.
The failure of collateral circulation to provide adequate oxygen supply to the cell that results in coronary artery disease, impaired blood flow due to obstruction is not permanent (angina pectoris and angina preinfark) and permanent obstruction (miocard infarct)

B. Causes, Mechanisms, and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

C. Risk and incidence
Coronary artery disease is the most prevalent health problem and is the leading cause of death in the USA. Although epidemiological data indicate changes in risk and mortality of this disease remains a challenge for health workers to conduct prevention and treatment efforts. Ischemic heart disease experienced by many individuals aged 40-70 years old with a mortality rate of 20%.
Risk factors associated with coronary heart disease can be logically classified as follows:

1. Personal atherogenic properties.
Atherogenic properties include blood lipids, blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. These factors together play a major role in determining the speed artero - genensis (Kaplan & Stamler, 1991).

2. Living habits or environmental factors not been determined arbitrarily.
Lifestyles that predispose individuals to coronary heart disease is a diet too rich in calories, saturated fat, cholesterol, salt as well as by physical inertia, weight gain is out of control, cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse (Kaplan & Stamler, 1991).

3. Small risks and other factors.
Because of the risk factors that set these days do not seem to explain the overall difference in mortality due to coronary heart disease, then there is a suspicion that there is a major risk factor bernar completely unknown there.
Various risk factors that exist among other oral contraceptives, host susceptibility, age and gender (Kaplan & Stamler, 1991).

D. Pathophysiology
Coronary heart disease and myocardial micardiail an ischemic response of myocardium caused by coronary artery narrowing is permanently or not permanently. Oxygen is needed by myocardial cells, for which aerobic metabolism Adenosine Triphospate in free energy for the heart at rest require the 70% oxygen. The amount of oxygen in the heart need to work on call as Myocardial Oxygen Cunsumption (MVO2), expressed by the acceleration of the heart, contraction miocardial and pressure on the heart wall.

Normal heart can easily adjust to the increased demands of oxygen tension and contraction of view adds acceleration to suppress the volume of blood to the heart of the partitions. At the heart of the obstructed blood flow miocardial, the blood supply can not meet the demands that occur. State of lethal or partial obstruction can cause a condition resembling anoxia and aerobic glycolysis seeks to meet the need of oxygen.