Colon Cancer (Colorectal Cancer)

Definition
Colon cancer is a cancer in the colon.
Colon cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States after lung cancer (ACS 1998)
These diseases including the deadly disease because the disease is often not known until a more severe level. Surgery is the only way to change the Colon cancer.

Pathophysiology
Changes in Pathology
Tumors occur in a place which roughly follow the colon in part (Sthrock 1991 a):
• 26% in the caecum and ascending colon
• 10% in colon transfersum
• 15% in colon desending
• 20% in the sigmoid colon
• 30% in the rectum
The figure below illustrates the occurrence of cancer of the sigmoid and right colon and reduce the incidence of disease in the rectum in 30 years (Sthrock).
Colon carcinoma mostly produce adenomatus polyps. These tumors usually grow not detected until symptoms appear slowly and looked dangerous. The disease is spread in several metode.Tumor might spread in a certain spot on the inner lining of the stomach, reach the serosa and mesenteric fat. Then tumors begin to attach to the organ that is around, then extends into the lumen of the colon or spread to the spleen or the circulatory system. This circulation system directly into the primary tumor through the blood vessels of the colon by the spleen, after the tumor cells enter the circulatory system, typically cells move into the liver. The second place is a place far later metastases to the lungs. Metastases to other places including:
- Adrenal gland
- Kidney
- Leather
- Bones
- Brain
The addition to direct infection and spread through the lymphatic and circulatory system, colon tumors can also spread to parts peritonial tumor before surgery has not been done. The spread occurs when the tumor is removed and the cancer cells from tumor rupture into the cavity peritonial.

Complication
Complications occurred in connection with the increase in growth at the tumor site or through the spread of metastases which include:

•  bowel perforation caused by peritonitis
•  abscess formation
•  fistula formation in the urinary bladder or vagina

Usually the tumor and surrounding blood vessels invade the cause perdarahan.Tumor grow into the large intestine and gradually helps the large intestine and in the end not at all. Extension of tumor beyond the stomach and may be pressing on disekitanya organs (uterus, urinary bladder, and ureters) and the cause of the symptoms covered by the cancer.

Etiology
Causes of Colon cancer is unknown. Diet and reduction of the circulation time of the colon (feces forward flow) which includes the causative factor. Appropriate precautionary instructions recommended by the American Cancer Society, The National Cancer Institute, and other cancer organizations.
Foods must contain at suspected chemical substances that cause cancer of the colon. These foods also reduce the circulation time in the stomach, which accelerates colon cancer causes. Foods that are high in fat, especially animal fat from red meat, causing the secretion of acid and anaerobic bacteria, causing the incidence of cancer within the colon. The meat in frying and in baked can also contain chemicals that cause cancer. Diet with refined carbohydrates that contain fiber in large quantities can reduce the circulation time in the colon. Some groups suggested a diet that containing little animal fat and high in vegetables and fruits (eg, Mormons, Seventh Day Adventists).

Foods to avoid:

• Red meat
• Animal fats
• Fatty foods
• Meat and fish fried or grilled
• Carbohydrates are filtered (example: the filtered juice)

Food should be consumed:

• Fruits and vegetables are particularly Craciferous Vegetables from the cabbage group (such as broccoli, brussels sprouts)
• Grain rice is intact
• Liquid water is sufficient, especially

Since most tumors produce Colon adenoma, the main factor causing harm to the Colon cancer adenoma. There are three types Colon adenomas: tubular, villous and tubulo villous (will be discussed in polyps). Although most of the Colon cancers derived from adenomas, only 5% of all adenomas become manigna Colon, villous adenomas have a high potential to become manigna.
Factors leading to adenoma or benign tumor of unknown manigna clustered polyposis is a hereditary autosomal dominant gene spread. Risk of cancer in polyposis femiliar place close to 100% of persons aged 20-30 years.
People who have had ucerative colitis or Crohn's disease are also at risk of Colon cancer. The addition of risk at the beginning of a younger age and higher rates of colon involvement. Risk of Colon cancer will be 2 / 3 times greater if a family member suffering from the disease

Genesis.
Approximately 152,000 people in the United States diagnosed with Colon cancer in 1992 and 57,000 people die from this cancer in the same year (ACS 1993). Most of the clients on Colon cancer has the same frequency between men and women. Cancer in the right colon usually occurs in women and Ca in the rectum usually occurs in males.

Transcultural alternative.
Colon Ca incident on the USA seems to have a setback from all other nations except in African men and greater amerika.Kejadian happened to these cancers occur in industrial areas to the west and partly Japanese and African firlandia this is thought to relate to diet . Regions whose inhabitants have a low incidence of colon have a high dietary Ca of fruits, vegetables, fish and some meats.

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